What is Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD)?
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is an eye condition that affects your central vision. It happens when the macula—the part of your retina responsible for detailed sight—gradually weakens with age.
Three stages exist: Early AMD has small yellow deposits (drusen) under the retina; usually no vision symptoms; may stay stable for years. Intermediate AMD has larger deposits and changes in the retina; vision still may be normal; risk of progression increases. Advanced AMD causes serious vision loss. This includes geographic atrophy (gradual thinning of the retina) or wet AMD (abnormal blood vessel growth). Most vision loss occurs at this stage.
Early and intermediate AMD are “dry” forms and are most common. There is no cure for AMD, but several things can slow progression.
What Can I Do About It?
Lifestyle changes (work for all stages)
- Eat plenty of dark leafy greens (spinach, kale) and colorful vegetables
- Exercise regularly: aim for 30 minutes most days
- Wear UV-protective sunglasses outdoors
- Do not smoke—this is the single most important step
Vitamins for intermediate/advanced AMD
AREDS2 supplements (vitamin C, E, zinc, lutein, zeaxanthin) reduce progression risk by about 25% if you have intermediate or advanced disease. I can discuss whether these are right for you based on your specific stage.
Emerging treatment
The Valeda light therapy system is a new FDA-authorized treatment for intermediate AMD. It requires frequent office visits—approximately 3 times per week for 3 weeks at a time, repeated every 4 months, indefinitely. That’s roughly 28 treatments per year for the rest of your life. Studies so far are small, and it’s unclear how much benefit it provides. I can discuss whether this might be appropriate for you given the time commitment and early stage of the evidence.
When Should I Call My Eye Doctor?
Call immediately if you notice: Wavy or distorted lines on the Amsler grid (or anything looks crooked), new dark spots or missing areas in your central vision, sudden blurriness or difficulty reading/recognizing faces, or floaters, flashing lights, or a dark curtain (possible wet AMD—urgent care needed).
Regular eye exams catch changes early, even without symptoms.
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